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Nowadays fertility and survival of generation highly considered in societies and male infertility raised as a major attitude for community health around the world. 14% of young couples in Europe have infertility problems. In Iranian couples the rate of infertility is higher than world standards and is about 20.2%. Hormonal factors, genetics and psychological problems cause 40-50 % of infertility in men. Since cancer patients are increasing progressively in industrialized societies and anti-cancer treatments highly eliminate the germ cells, so following cancer treatment reduce male fertility. Distinguish of primordial germ cells, recognition of their migration and also understanding of effective factors in differentiation of them can extended new ways for primary studies that follow production of germ cells from other cell sources like mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Hence finding a way to distinguish germ cells from mesenchymal stem cells, preservation and proliferation of them in culture system can provide a base for spermatogenesis in vitro culture. Isolation and differentiation of germ cells from different cell sources such as umbilical cord using morphogens (Bone morphogenesis protein and Retinoic Acid) is an efficient method for infertility research. In this study some effective factors in differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to germ cells has been investigated.

Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, BMP4, Germ cells, BMP4

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