Volume 21, Issue 2 (2018)
mjms 2018, 21(2): 73-78 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Golkaran B, Haghighat S, Mahdavi M. Application of PPD in the Formulation of Commercial Hepatitis B Vaccine to Improve Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. mjms 2018; 21 (2) :73-78
URL: http://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article-30-5919-en.html
URL: http://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article-30-5919-en.html
1- Microbiology Department, Science & Technology Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Research Center for Recombinant Vaccines, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Trhran, Iran , mahdavivac@gmail.com
2- Research Center for Recombinant Vaccines, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Trhran, Iran , mahdavivac@gmail.com
Abstract: (9098 Views)
Aims: Vaccination with the HBs Ag vaccine formulated in the alum adjuvant prevents hepatitis B infection. Adjuvants increase the efficacy of vaccines. Mycobacterium purified protein derivative (PPD) causes dendritic cell maturation. Considering the role of dendritic cells in the induction of immune responses, the aim of present study was to investigate of application of PPD in the formulation of Commercial Hepatitis B vaccine to improve humoral and cellular immune responses.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 63 balb/C mice of inbred were divided into 7 groups of 9. The Hepatitis B vaccine with doses of 1 and 10μg of PPD was injected subcutaneously into HBS-ALUM, HBS-ALUM+PPD1μg, HBS-ALUM+PPD10μg and proper control groups, three times with two-week intervals. Total IgG in serum samples and IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in spleen cell culture were assessed by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance by Graf pad prism 6.1 software.
Findings: Using PPD in the formulation of HBs vaccine had no effect on IFN-γ cytokine levels but reduced IL-4 and also increased the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio compared to the commercial vaccine. Also PPD application in HBs vaccine after the first injection enhanced the humoral response, but after the second injection was ineffective so that after the third injection reduced the antibody response compared to the commercial vaccine.
Conclusion: PPD in the formulation of hepatitis B vaccine can lead the immune response pattern to the T helper cells 1 (Th1). The first injection enhances the antibody response but after third injection suppressed humoral immunity system.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 63 balb/C mice of inbred were divided into 7 groups of 9. The Hepatitis B vaccine with doses of 1 and 10μg of PPD was injected subcutaneously into HBS-ALUM, HBS-ALUM+PPD1μg, HBS-ALUM+PPD10μg and proper control groups, three times with two-week intervals. Total IgG in serum samples and IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in spleen cell culture were assessed by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance by Graf pad prism 6.1 software.
Findings: Using PPD in the formulation of HBs vaccine had no effect on IFN-γ cytokine levels but reduced IL-4 and also increased the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio compared to the commercial vaccine. Also PPD application in HBs vaccine after the first injection enhanced the humoral response, but after the second injection was ineffective so that after the third injection reduced the antibody response compared to the commercial vaccine.
Conclusion: PPD in the formulation of hepatitis B vaccine can lead the immune response pattern to the T helper cells 1 (Th1). The first injection enhances the antibody response but after third injection suppressed humoral immunity system.
Article Type: Original Manuscipt |
Subject:
Biochemistry
Received: 2017/11/29 | Accepted: 2018/01/14
Received: 2017/11/29 | Accepted: 2018/01/14
References
1. Jadoul M, Goubau P. Is anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization successful in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients?. Clin Nephrol. 2002;58(4):301-4. []
2. Wang S, Liu X, Caulfield MJ. Adjuvant synergy in the response to hepatitis B vaccines. Vaccin. 2003;21(27-30):4297-306. []
3. Schirmbeck R, Melber K, Mertens T, Reimann J. Antibody and cytotoxic T-cell responses to soluble hepatitis B virus (HBV) S antigen in mice: Implication for the pathogenesis of HBV-induced hepatitis. J virol. 1994;68(3):1418-25. []
4. Dezfuli HT, Shahbazzadeh D, Eidi A, Bagheri KP, Pakravan N, Amini S, et al. Induction of IFN-γ cytokine response against hepatitis B surface antigen using melittin. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2014;7(2):108-17. [Link]
5. Aghasadeghi MR, Sadat SM, Bahramali G, Hekmat S, Motevali F, Alizadeh S, et al. Evaluating novel adjuvant systems for the induction of humeral and cellular immune responses in hepatitis C virus capsid protein immunization. Feyz J Kashan Univ Med Sci. 2010;14(1):26-39. [Persian] [Link]
6. Mata E, Salvador A, Igartua M, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL. Malaria vaccine adjuvants: latest update and challenges in preclinical and clinical research. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013(2013):1-19. [Link]
7. Aghasadeghi MR, Banifazl M, Aghakhani A, Eslamifar A, Vahabpour R, Ramezani A. No evidence for occult HBV infection in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6(5):350-3. [Link]
8. Bergtold A, Desai DD, Gavhane A, Clynes R. Cell surface recycling of internalized antigen permits dendritic cell priming of B cells. Immunity. 2005;23(5):503-14. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.013]
9. Boscardin SB, Hafalla JC, Masilamani RF, Kamphorst AO, Zebroski HA, Rai U, et al. Antigen targeting to dendritic cells elicits long-lived T cell help for antibody responses. J Exp Med. 2006;203(3):599-606. [Link]
10. Pais TF, Silva RA, Smedegaard B, Appelberg R, Andersen P. Analysis of T cells recruited during delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) versus challenge with tuberculosis infection. Immunology. 1998;95(1):69-75. [Link] [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00561.x]
11. Bagheri K, Delirezh N, Moazzeni SM. PPD extract induces the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2008;30(1):91-104. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/08923970701812654]
12. Shaheen MA, Salem SA, Fouad DA, El‐Fatah AA. Intralesional tuberculin (PPD) versus measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine in treatment of multiple warts: A comparative clinical and immunological study. Dermatol Ther. 2015;28(4):194-200. [Link]
13. Zoutendijk R, Hansen BE, van Vuuren AJ, Boucher CA, Janssen HL. Serum HBsAg decline during long-term potent nucleos (t) ide analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B and prediction of HBsAg loss. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(3):415-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/infdis/jir282]
14. Alavian SM, Fallahian F, Lankarani KB. The changing epidemiology of viral hepatitis B in Iran. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2007;16(4):403-6. [Link]
15. Zhang X, He P, Hu Z, Wang X, Liang Z. Enhanced specific immune responses by CpG DNA in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen and HB vaccine. Virol j. 2011;8:78. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/1743-422X-8-78]
16. Pelly VS, Kannan Y, Coomes SM, Entwistle LJ, Rückerl D, Seddon B, et al. IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2016;9(6):1407-17. [Link]
17. van Haren SD, Dowling DJ, Foppen W, Christensen D, Andersen P, Reed SG, et al. Age-Specific adjuvant synergy: Dual TLR7/8 and mincle activation of human newborn dendritic cells enables Th1 polarization. J Immunol. 2016;197(11):4413-24. [Link]
18. Vazquez MI, Catalan-Dibene J, Zlotnik A. B cells responses and cytokine production are regulated by their immune microenvironment. Cytokine. 2015;74(2):318-26. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.007]
19. Glenchur H, Fossieck Jr BE, Silverman M. A comparison of purified protein derivative and some fractions of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1966;93(1):70-7. [Link]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |