Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Studies on the effects of intraspecific competition for food and space on biological indexes of Anopheles stephensi (Dip:Culicidae) in laboratory conditions بررسی اثر رقابت درون‌گونه‌ای برای غذا و فضا، روی شاخصهای زیست‌شناخت آنوفل استفنسی Anopheles stephensi (Dip:Culicidae) در شرایط آزمایشگاه 1 8 19203 EN Alireza Bolandnazar M.Sc. of Medical Entomology in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Said Dayer Medical Entomology Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ezzatdin Javadian Professor of Medical Entomology in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Alieh Moosavi Ivanaki Instructor of Medical Entomology in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Aim: This study investigates the intraspecific competition, for food and density amongst larvae of Anopheles stephensi (main malaria vector in south Iran). Material & Methods: The effects of 4 selected food quantities (1x,2x,4x,6x) and 5 larval densities (0.1 to 3 larva/cm2) were tested individually or in combination on 7 biological indexes of the vector and the results were statistically analyzed. The competition starts when the food quantity decreases from 6x to x and the larval density increases from 0.1 up to 3 larva/cm2. Results & Discussion: The biological indexes that showed significant alterations at competing conditions (reduced food quantity and increased larval density) were as follows. Increasing of the larval, pupal and total mortality, alteration of the sex ratio in favor of male production, and decrease of the speed of larval development and survival rate. However, body sizes did not show any significant difference among individuals of both sexes. Conclusion: So, reducing the food quantity and increasing the larval density make a decrease in abundance and activity of An. Stephensi and it may provide a useful method for control of this mosquito population. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19203_a3b2e0d095b2d7155d1b7739488f9ff1.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Cloning, Sequencing and Expression of Core Gene of Hepatitis C Virus from an Iranian Patient with Chronic Hepatitis کلون سازی، تعیین ترادف و بیان ژن Core ویروس هپاتیت C جدا شده از یک بیمار ایرانی مبتلا به هپاتیت مزمن 9 18 19204 EN Nasrin Rastgoo M.Sc. in Medical Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ali Karami Ph.D. in Biotechnology, Associate Professor, Bagyatallah University, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Sabahi Ph.D. in Virology, Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Because of increasing number of infected patients throughout the world, various studies are concentrated on development of high quality diagnostic tests and genotyping in various regions of the world. Methods: In this study, we used RT-PCR to isolate and amplify the core gene sequence of the hepatitis C virus that is very conserved among various genotypes, from an isolate derived from an Iranian patient with chronic hepatitis. Then it was cloned in pUC18 vector and sequenced with universal primers. In order to produce recombinant core protein, the core gene was cloned in PET28A expression vector and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) bacteria. Results and Discussion: The results of sequencing showed that the core gene of the hepatitis C virus from an isolate derived from an Iranian patient with chronic hepatitis has a higher similarity with 1a (96%) and 1b (95%) strains of the virus. This result is similar to those obtained by previous studies. The presence of a 23.5 KD band in SDS-PAGE and Western blot using monoclonal antibody, proved the expression of Core protein in PET28A vector. Mass production of this protein could lead to its use in detection of anti-HCV antibodies in infected patients by immunoassays. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19204_27649dc46ea499041457767a5a703073.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Detection of active Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) in the different body tissues of experimentally infected rats تشخیص حضور فعال انگل توکسوپلاسما گوندیی در اندامهای مختلف بدن رت پس از آلودگی تجربی با سویه RH 19 23 19205 EN Fereshteh Zare Department of Medical Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl Deportment of Medical Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Ghaffarifar Associated Professor, Department of Parasitilogy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian protozoon which forms tissue cyst in different organs of infected intermediate host. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the active form of parasite in different tissues of rat, which was experimentally infected with RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii using bioassay method inmice. Materials & Methods: In the experimental assay, 75 rats and 500 mice were used. The rats were infected experimentally with 40-50 thousands of tachyzoites intrapritoneally. Three rats were killed every 24 h then with up to three days 3 days interval for 60 days and their different organs were searched biologically for presence of the parasite. In this regard, the organs were squeezed with mortar in normal saline, diluted and following adding streptomycin and penicillin injected intrapritoneally in three outbreed mice each. Then the mice were followed up for 10 days. Results: Toxoplasma cyst was found in brain, liver and spleen of the rats within 5 to 9 post infection. The parasite was appeared in heart and muscles within 9-13 days after infection but not found in the kidney. The parasite was disappeared in spleen and liver following12 and 28 days of infection respectively but remain active in the brain, heart and muscles within 60 days of the study. Implication: Toxoplasma gondii could remain active in spleen and liver of infected rat for a short time. Meanwhile brain and muscles (heart and skeletal muscles) of the infected animal can keep the parasite for a long time. Kidney is not appropriate tissue for Toxoplasma gondii localization. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19205_78bb5a712e87e38a04a4109d5456e54a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 The role of HLA-DQB1 alleles in susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Northeastern Iran بررسی ارتباط بین الل‌های ژن HLA-DQB1 با بیماری روماتوئیدآرتریتیس در جمعیت استان خراسان 25 36 19206 EN Farnaz Shoja Taheri Genetics Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Department of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Department of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Jalil Tavakkol Afshari Department of Immunogenetics and Tissue Culture, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashad, Iran. Journal Article Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory erosive joint disease with the worldwide distribution of approximately 0.5-1%. Molecular methods can be very sensitive in the early stage diagnosis of the disease and therefore prevention the late complications and disabilities. Etiology of RA, an autoimmune disease, is not exactly known but immunologic and genetic factors seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic factors such as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are responsible for many autoimmune diseases; therefore we decided to look for a correlation between RA and the presence of specific HLA-DQB1 alleles as a possible genetic markers. Methods: The genomic DNAs from the whole blood samples of 25 patients with RA and 86 normal individuals (Control group) were extracted by salting out method. The genomic DNA was amplified by PCR-SSP technique. HLA-Typing was done by this method after optimizing the PCR reaction for each allele. In this procedure seven serological subclasses of HLA-DQB1 can be detected. Results: Comparing the results between the patients and the controls suggests a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DQ5 (*0501-*0504) and HLA-DQ8 (*0302, *0305) alleles in the patient group. The P-values were respectively 0.033 and 0.007 (P<0.05)(DQ5 and DQ8 positive individuals in patients were respectively 56% and 24% compared with 31.4% and 5.8% in healthy people). The relative risk for these alleles was evaluated higher than 1. Conclusions: The results suggest that DQ5 and DQ8 are the dominant HLA-DQB1 alleles that are associated with the susceptibility to RA. These alleles are probably important in increasing the risk of developing RA disease in Northeastern Iran and we can use them as molecular markers for diagnosis of RA. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19206_6be2c7d9b4beb7e867114e4d9d25bfed.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Identification and Characteriztion of Prevalent Malassezia Species in Iran by PCR-RFLP شناسایی و تشخیص گونه‌های شایع مالاسزیا در ایران با استفاده از روشRCR-RFLP 37 43 19207 EN Masoomeh Shams Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran. Saeed Amanloo Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Forouzandeh Moghadam Department of Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hasan Mirza-hosseini Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Background: Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia has been placed among the Basidiomycota phylum in the family of Cryptococcaceae. The genus Malassezia comprises yeasts with a natural habitat of the skin of many warm-blooded vertebrates, and human, but they are also associated with several skin diseases such as tinea versicolor, seborrehoeic dermatitis and even systemic infections. The genus Malassezia has recently been revised to include nine species by biochemical, morphological and molecular findings. Materials and methods: This study was aimed at the development of a DNA-based procedure applicable to rapid laboratory confirmation and identification of each Malassezia species. At first, conventional identification methods based on macroscopic, and microscopic features and physiological properties was performed. In the molecular findings a specific and unique restriction pattern was determined for each of the three currently recognized Malassezia species. Results: The primers ITS/4 produced a large amplificon (about 800 bp for M. furfur, and M. globosa) and the other amplificon is smaller (about 600 bp for M. sympodialis). For further species distinction with this amplicon, one restriction endonuclease proved tobe useful. Restriction patterns obtained by ECOR1 digestion of amplified products from the ITS region was distinguish. Conclusion: Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for molecular diagnostics allows early and accurate identification of Malassezia Spp. The PCR-RFLP results were well correlated with those obtained from traditional identification procedures. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19207_f5d523734ce2ac76ad9215bd0f87c376.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Repellency effect of neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss) against paederus beetles, the agent of linear dermatitis, (Col: Staphylinidae) اثر دورکنندگی روغن چریش بر روی سوسکهای مولد درماتیت خطی جنس Paederus senso lato (Col: Staphylinidae) 45 51 19208 EN Daryoush Ghaffari Department of Medical Entomology & Vector control, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Siavash Tirgari School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alieh Moosavi Ivanaki Department of Medical Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article The family of staphylinidae (rove beetles) includes 40000 species and has a world-wide distribution . Many species of Paederus have been known for a long time as the causative agent of linear dermatitis. Paederus beetles are attracted to artificial lights in the evening during the hot and humid summer nights. Whenever they are crashed or smeared on the skin they release their toxin called Pederin from their haemolymph . So far, various recommendation have been made to control paederus, but most of them were inefficient . The aim of this study was to investigate the repellency effect of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss), as a personal protection method against paederus beetles. Neem oil was used in three different dosages (2.5 ,5 ,10 percent) on treated paper inside the ptri dishes. The results showed that protection percentage produced by Neem oil at 2.5 ,5 and 10 percent dose was 46.2 ,69.3 ,84.62 percente respectivly . https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19208_ffb5597397de30f24dfafbf479c92861.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 The prevalence of urinary tract infection in 7-years children of Birjand city: Screening of urinary tract infection in the children before attendance to primary school? شیوع عفونت ادراری در کودکان 7 ساله شهر بیرجند: غربالگری عفونت ادراری در کودکان قبل از ورود به مدرسه؟ 53 56 19209 EN Azita Fesharakinia Birjand Medical University, Super Specialist in Pediatric Nephrology (MD), Birjand, Iran Fatemeh Taheri Birjand Medical University, Pediatrician (MD), Birjand, Iran. Seyyed Alireza Saadatjoo Birjand Medical University, Birjand, Iran. Journal Article Introduction and aim: Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in children must be done before renal damage. So, in many countries the screening programs are done in the schools. There are a few reports on the prevalence of this disease among children in different parts of Iran. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of this infection in the seven years old children of Birjand city and determine the worth of recommending a screening program for the UTI before attendance to school ,this study was performed . Methods: 278 Students (148 boys and 130 girls) Were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. After filling the questionnaire ,urine culture was done. In those who had colony count above or equal 104 per ml and below 105, U/C was repeated. children with 105 colony count per ml had documented as UTI. Results: The prevalence of UTI was 1.1% in all students. The prevalence of UTI was 1.4% in boys and 0.8% in girls. There was not any significant difference in the prevalance of UTI between two sexex (P.Value =1). 68.9 % of the boys (102 persons) were circumcised. The prevalance of UTI was 1% in circumcised boys and 2.2% in uncircumcised ones. There was not any significant difference in UTI between these two groups (Pvalue = 0.53). the most common age of doing circumcision was six years old. We had only Ecoli in the results of all documented UTI. Conclusion: Regavding to a few information about the prevalance of UTI among children in different parts of Iran, it is better to conduct more studies to determine the worth of recommending a screening programs for UTI in pre-school age .We recommend giving more information and education to people about the best age for circum cision. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19209_ba32ac4781099e7ffe65f42e3cdf3d34.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Exvivo Evaluation of Candida albicans Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils function of Diabetic Rats ارزیابی فعالیت ماکروفاژها و نوتروفیل‌های آلوده به کاندیدا آلبیکنس رت‌های دیابتیک در محیط کشت 57 66 19210 EN Maryam Moghtadaei Graduate Department of Medical Mycology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Yadegari Department of Medical Mycology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Patients afflicted by diabetes mellitus (DM) usually have more infections than those without DM. The course of the infections is also more complicated in this group of patients. One of the possible causes of increased infections prevalence is a deficiency in the immunity. Besides some decreased cellular responses in vitro, no disturbances in adaptive immunity in diabetic patients have been described. Different disturbances (low complement factor 4, decreased cytokine response after stimulation) in humoral innate immunity have been described in diabetic patients. In this research hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen mediator) and nitric oxide (reactive nitrogen mediator) in the neutrophil and macrophage culture of peritone in rats were evaluated against C.albicans. Via intravenous injection of streptozocin (65 mg/kg), a diabetic rat model was obtained. nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide assay was performed by the Griess and Walter-Ruch methods respectively. C.albicans colony count on SCC medium was also done in two groups of healthy and diabetic mice. Macrophages of the healthy group reacted to C.albicans severly compared to the diabetic group which significantly produced more nitric oxide (P0.028). Neutrophils of the healthy group produced more No compared to the diabetic group against C.albicans (P0.165). No considerable difference was observed in production of hydrogen peroxide by macrophages in two groups of healthy and diabetic mice. Neutrophils of the diabetic group produced more hydrogen peroxide compared to the healthy group (P1). There was no significant difference in C.albicans colony count between the two healthy and diabetic groups (P0.058). Although nitrogen and oxygen related factors are changed or reduced after diabetic induction, changes in other immune system factors cannot be undermined. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19210_fbc73ee8f22e7cbf9e2b7883ce7516bb.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Neutrophils and Monocytes of the Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Caused by E.coli before and after Ciprofloxacin Therapy تولید نیتریک اکساید (NO) و پراکسید هیدروژن (2O2H) در نوتروفیلها و منوسیتهای بیماران مبتلا به عفونت دستگاه ادراری ناشی از اشرشیاکلی پیش و پس از مصرف آنتی‌بیوتیک سیپروفلوکساسین 1 12 19211 EN Jamal Mohammadi Ayeneh Deh Medical Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Antibiotics are widely used as bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs in bacterial infections. Besides the respective interactions between the antibiotics and bacteria and between the immune system and bacteria, antibiotics also interact directly with the immune system and have various immunomodulatory effects on phagocytosis, chemotaxis, cytokine production and endotoxine release. In this study, monocytes and neutrophils were separated from the blood samples of the patients with urinary tract infection before and after the therapy with 500 mg ciprofloxacin tablets. The cells were cultured in the presence of ciprofloxacin and activators including IFN-γ and LPS or PMA (for in vitro evaluation) or only the activators (for ex vivo evaluation) . Supernatants of the cells were collected and then production of NO and H2O2 was measured. The effect of ciprofloxacin on NO and H2O2 production by monocytes and neutrophils in the patients with urinary tract infection caused by E. coli (E.Coli) was evaluated.The results were compared to an age- and sex-matched normal population. Peripheral blood samples from 45 patients with uUTI were collected at the time of diagnosis and at the end of the treatment. The results showed that NO and H2O2 production was significantly increased in the patients comparison to the control group, before and after the treatment (P<0.05). NO level in the post treatment group was also significantly raised compared to the pre-treatment group (P<0.05), but H2O2 level was not significantly altered (P>0.05). The results showed that the results of in vitro study was different from ex vivo. and alteration was not different between pre-treatment and post treatment groups significantly (P>0.05) . https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19211_7a0e10e1357075a0fa685382abb8b462.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Design and installation of a software and hardware for pattern visual evoked potential طراحی و پیاده‌سازی نرم‌افزار و سخت‌افزار الگو‌های برانگیزاننده پتانسیلهای بینایی 13 24 19212 EN Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur Assistant Professor of Iran University of Medical Science, Optometry Department of Iran University of Medical Science Mohammad Firuzabadi Assistant Professor of Tarbiat Modares University Medical Physics Dept. Bijan Hashemi-Malayeri Assistant Professor of Tarbiat Modares University Medical Physics Dept. Seyyed Masud Shushtarian Associated Professor of Azadeh Eslami University Medical Physics Dept. Anooshiravan Kazemnejad Professor of Tarbiat Modares University Biostatics Dept Naser Asadi Medical Engineering M.Sc. Graduate, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Journal Article Background and objective: VEP is a powerful method to study visual system via evaluating evoked potentials. Technologic and instrumental restrictions may be the reason of having studies on optical modulation and induction such as color, spatial frequency and contrast. Developments of computer software and hardware may lead to an increase in the flexibility of pattern designs. Material and methods: Visual psychophysical principles of color, spatial frequency and contrast was used to design patterns. Using the Delphi 5 package. Recording system and pattern reversing were synchronized by a software and some hardware components including an A/D, monostable and an extension Board. A trigger signal from a VEP system was used to change optical properties of patterns according to a definite algorithm. Results and conclusion: All of the optical parameters such as color, spatial frequency and contrast that have influence on visual evoked potentials can be changed independently or in an interactive manner by means of user friendly multiple windows and logical methods. Therefore, optical modulation and induction are made possible by this system. Temporal, spatial and contrast modulation can be carried out independently or dependently with a trigger signal from a VEP system. Dynamic interaction of optical parameters shows new horizons on VEP studies. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19212_ad409abd19cd473d128eaab4f69f0daf.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Influence of hip position on active and passive hip internal & external rotation بررسی تأثیر وضعیتهای مختلف مفصل ران در میزان روتیشن داخلی و خارجی این مفصل 25 31 19213 EN Azadeh Shadmehr Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Shiva Moosavi Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Shohreh Jalaie Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tahereh Ghavibonyeh Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Journal Article Aim: Abnormal joint mobility is an important factor in movement dysfunction and physical disability. A general lack of descriptive details exists for measurements of hip rotation range of motion (ROM). This study was designed to establish the influence of hip position on active and passive range of motion of the hip in external and internal rotation(Ext & Int Rot). Material & Methods: Sixty healthy female college-age (22.17 +/- 1. 8 years) subjects were studied. Hip rotation of the legs of each subject was measured in the prone (hip near 0 degree of extension) and seated (hip near 90 degrees of flexion) positions using a standard goniometer. Results: Data were analyzed using an analysis of paired-t-test and Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney model. Pearson's r statistics were used to determine the reliability of measurements of hip rotation made in ext vs. flex (P<0.05, r>0.90). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between mean hip Ext & Int Rot ,active range of motion measured in ext vs. flx. Conversely, mean hip Ext & Int Rot, passive range of motion measured in ext or flx was not statistically different. Our data indicate that measurement position had a significant effect on the amount of active range of motion of the hip in Ext & Int Rot. Discussion & Conclusion: These findings are clinically significant for they stress the importance of documenting measurement position. They also stress the need for representative normal valves to be established for each hip position and gender. Our normal valves ROM values for the Int & Ext Rot of the hip calculated from this population based sample were found to differ from estimate found in textbooks. This may be due to young age and female groups and lifestyle of Iranian population , too. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19213_23e140a848564d0d992c874d4cea766b.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Codon 12 K-ras mutation detection in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer using PCR-RFLP method بررسی جهش در کدون 12 ژن k-ras در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان کولورکتال Sporadic با استفاده از روش PCR-RFLP 33 38 19214 EN Houri Edalat Ph. D. Student of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mansur Jamali Zavarehei Full Professor, Department of Pathology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding of the tumor behavior, in a much closer look, at the molecular level, results in a more effective treatment and accurate prognosis of the disease. From among various genes altered in colorectal cancer K-ras is assumed to be of diagnostic and prognostic significance. K-ras mutations are believed to be a critical event in colorectal oncogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that 40% (20-50%) of CRCs harbor a mutant allele of K-ras oncogene. The mutations are limited to codons 12, 13, and 61 of the gene, with a great incidence at codon 12. The localization of mutations has given mutated K-ras an advantage of sensitive and simple detection over APC or p53 in which mutations are spread in their whole DNA sequence. To determine the incidence of K-ras mutations in CRC in Iran, compared with other countries, DNA was isolated from a random collection of 55 colorectal carcinoma samples, and codon 12 K-ras mutations were detected by RFLP. K-ras mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer in Iran are relatively frequent, with an incidence of 65%. This may be attributed to variation in methodology and to characteristics of the population studied such as differences in genetic background and variability in environmental factors and epidemiologic parameters such as diet, social lifestyle status, and other parameters that could be specific to the Iranian population. Correlation between the presence of codon 12 mutation and various clincopathological parameters was also investigated. A significant correlation was found with poor tumor differentiation of tumor samples. This places much emphasis on the role of promotion of differentiation as the most prominent effect of Ras. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19214_cd12c5f7eafb7e784382eb8e307d4ae0.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Molecular comparison of promoter region of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Oka and Dumas strains replication genes, 16 and 52 مقایسه پروموتر ژنهای همانندسازی (16 و 52) دو سوش Dumas وOka ویروس آبله‌مرغان و زونا (VZV) 39 48 19215 EN Mastaneh Zohri M. Sc. Steudent Department of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Department of Genetic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Sadeghizadeh Department of Genetic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Khosro Khajeh Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Shirzad Ph.D. Student, Department of Genetic, Emam Hosein University, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Shirzad Ph.D. Student, Department of Genetic, Emam Hosein University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Current investigations indicate different in vitro infection patterns for Oka and Dumas strains. Infection of cells in culture with Dumas strain produces lower number of infectious particles while the Oka strain is highly infectious in vitro. It is postulated that weak expression of the replication genes in Dumas strain may be the reason for the attenuated phenotype. The objective of this study was to analyze the sequences of the promoter region in two of the VZV replication genes, 16 and 52 by studying the level of expression of a reporter gene. For this purpose, primers were designed from VZV published sequences to amplify the promoter regions of both genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The amplicons were cloned in a lacZ reporter vector. Cotransfaction of 52-Oka reporter plasmid with virus major trans-activator (IE62) in Huh7 cells showed that the presence of 52-Oka promoter was up regulated by the IE 62 trans-activator in a dose dependent manner resulting in ß-gal levels approximately 4-fold higher than those observed with 52-Dumas promoter and 10-fold higher than basal levels. In addition cotransfection of 16-Oka reporter plasmid did not show any significant change in activity in comparison with 16-Domus-reporter plasmid. Sequence determination of the promoter region in gene 52 indicated differences in 3 nucleotides in Dumas strain compared to Oka strain while no change was observed in the promoter sequences of gene 16 of the two strains. It is hence postulated a relationship between mutations in the Dumas promoter of replication genes, and the lower infectivity of the Dumas strain. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19215_ccf9fa222512910e68363adb0510adf4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Introduction Sandwich Direct ELISA screening test in order to Breast cancer Diagnosis معرفی روش غربالگری الیزا مستقیم ساندویچی برای تشخیص سرطان پستان 45 53 19216 EN Mohammad-Reza Mehrabi M.Sc. Student, Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Manuchehr Mirshahi Assistant Professor, Department Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Tran. Ali-Akbar Pourfathollah Full Professor, Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the provalent cancers in the world. This cancer as well as other solid tumors, in the course of its development has phases in this order: Epithelial Dysplasia, Carcinoma Insitu, Invassiveness and metastasis. Breast cancer Diagnosis is generally made with pathology methods. In this survey, measuring Angiostatin (which is one of the most important and potent angiogensis inhibitor) in random urine as a noninvassive method was introduced to diagnose the disease. Materials and Methods: In this assay, random urine samples of 15 Breast cancer patient and 15 control urine samples were obtained, and assayed with improved sandwich direct ELISA. Results: Obtained result in statistical T-Test (Pvalue<0.03) showed significant correlation between urine angiostatin and breast cancer, that has coordinace with the result of patients sample pathology. Discussion: Angiostatin dosage in urine of patients of breast cancer is a good marker of non invassive diagnosis. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19216_f6bb6d65c8c39c685424a156838f6853.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Evaluation of large ganular lymphocyte and hand mirror cell in leukemia patients in Isfahan province during 1993-1998 بررسی لنفوسیت بزرگ گرانولر و سلول آینه دستی در مبتلایان به سرطان خون در اصفهان از سال 1372-1377 55 63 19217 EN Fatemeh Nadali Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Isfahan University, Isfahan Iran Fariba Pourmohammad M.D. Pediatric ward, Al-Zahra Hospital Isfahan, Iran. Journal Article FAB (French – American- British) group determined a diagnostic classification for leukemia's. but in spite of some reports on different clinical findings and prognosis of HMC and LGL there is no place for Hand- Mirror Cell leukemia and LGL leukemia in this classification. On the other hand, there are different ideas about causes of Hand Mirror Cell and about different changes of large granlar lymphocyte in malignancies including leukemias. Therefore, We decided to evaluate HMC & LGL in leukemic patients in Sayed Al- Shohadda Hospital in Isfahan province. This study was performed on 595 cases of leukemia during 1993-1998. We studied stained peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears of the leukemic patients at the time of diagnosis, in remission and relapse phase of disease. Contrary to our anticipation, the results showed no increase in frequency of leukemia during 1993-1998, but leukemia was more frequent among males than females (2/1). LGL percent was lower than normal in the majority of patients in peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis and relapse phase. LGL percent was normal or increased in 90% of the patients in the remission phase and was lower than normal in 10% of them. Also no case of LGL leukemia was recognized. HMC percent in peripheral blood was normal in 99% of the patients at the time of diagnosis but it was more than normal (20%) only in one patient (ALL-L2) and it was normal in peripheral blood in the majority of patients in remission phase. HMC percent in peripheral blood was normal in the majority of patients in relapse phase but more than normal in one patient with ALL-L2 (15%). HMC percent in the bone marrow was normal in 98% of the patients at the time of diagnosis but it was more than normal in seven patients. Also it was also normal in the bone marrow in the majority of patients during remission and at the time of diagnosis and it has increased in three patients during the relapse phase. In conclusion, a low percent of LGL at the time of diagnosis and during the relapse phase shows a probable insufficiency in the immune system and no case of LGL leukemia was recognized. Also, four cases of Hand- Mirror Variant Leukemia with lymphoid origin (mostly ALL-L2) were recognized which should be under more investigation in the future. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19217_842af58fcd81687f10b5c099e49ec699.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 9 0 2010 03 01 Transfer and Survival of Malassezia Spp. in the Environment and Systemic infections نحوه انتقال و حیات گونه‌های مالاسزیا در محیط و عفونتهای سیستمیک 65 73 19218 EN Seyyed Amir Yazdanparast Assistant Professor of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology, Mycology Section, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article Introduction: Malassezia has been reported as the cause of sometimes fatal, systemic infections in premature neonates. The soure of the infecting strain in these cases is uncertain, since neonates have limited numbers of Malassezia on their skin, it may be from the hands of healthcare workers and family. The aim of this study was to examine how long Malassezia was able to survive in the environment and how easily it could be transferred between people to determine by what routes neonates could become colonised. Method: Suspensions of Malassezia sympodialis, M.globosa and M.restreicta (104/ml) were prepared in wash fluid (PBS with 0.05% [v/v] Triton X-100, pH 7.9), dispensed onto a pre-measured area of wooden bench, steel, cotton or plastic and allowed to dry. Samples were then taken at regular intervals unsing the williamson and Kligman scrub technique or by immersing the containing milk (Leeming and Notman, 1987). To determine the amount of Malassezia transfering between people, the suspensions of the species were inocluated onto the palms of volunteers and allowed to dry. The volunteer then shook hands with a second volunteer and the number of Malassezia transferred was determind using the Williamson and Kligman technique. Results: The pattern of survival on wood, cotton and plastic was similar for both M.globosa and M. sympodialis, with viable organisms recovered up to 48h after inoculation. For M.restricta a very different pattern was found, with viable organisms only recovered upto 4h after inoculation on all four materials, also transmission from one hand to a second hand was successful in most of the experiments ranging from 0.2-14% of the inoculum. Discusstion: In conclusion, the materials studied are likely to be present in the hospital environment and may well act as reservoirs of Malassezia once contaminated. In this way they could act as vehicles by which Malassezia could be transferred onto neonatal skin and thus initiate an infection in suitably predisposed individuals. These result, seem to be very important for our understanding as to how neonates become colonised and for the epidemiology of neonatal infections. https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19218_61bd5a9f9bb389ac9cbcc5d3f0eeefcc.pdf