Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Histopathological and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells-associated gene expression changes in the subventricular zone of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis 1 5 19448 EN S. Mohammadhadi Mirab Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ameneh Omidi Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) stands out as the predominant demyelinating illness impacting various regions of the central nervous system (CNS). As MS advanced, the subventricular zone (SVZ), one of the main neural stem cell niches that produce neurons and glial cells throughout life, progressively becomes empty. To effectively use endogenous repair potential-based treatment techniques, it would be essential to have an understanding of the neuropathological features of SVZ. The current study aimed to explore the SVZ in terms of histopathological and molecular changes in the cuprizone animal model of MS. Materials and methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two categories including control and cuprizone groups. Control animals received a regular diet and the cuprizone group received a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the histopathology of the SVZ and the relative gene expression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in this area were evaluated. Results: Histopathological assessment demonstrated an obvious prominent existence of cell population in the SVZ following 12 weeks of cuprizone intoxication. Furthermore, the relative gene expression data revealed a statistically significant increase in the expression of the Pdgf and Cspg4 genes in the SVZ in the cuprizone group compared to the control group (p˂0.001). Conclusions: The prominent presence of cells as well as the increase of relative gene expression in the SVZ following the cuprizone diet might be attributed to the production of new progenitor cells for oligodendrocytes, which could potentially refill the SVZ area.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19448_17eb2eca2b9dd1862b97a806fe8c31a0.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Study on antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) in the Campylobacter spp. isolates from domestic animals and water 6 14 19449 EN Seyyede Ommolbanin Ghasemian Department of Veterinary Medicine, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran Hamid Mahmoodipour Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 The purpose of this study was comparison study on antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) in the Campylobacter spp. isolates from domestic animals and water. To performing the study, 392 fecal and water samples were collected from poultry (182), cow (141), sheep and goat (41) and tap water (28). All samples were subjected for isolation of Campylobacter spp. using pre-treatment-Kapandis Baseri (prêt KB) method and the isolates were confirmed by sequencing of 16srRNA genes. Furthermore, Campylobacter isolates were assessed for antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) by using disk diffusion method. The results indicated that Campylobacter spp. isolated from 50 samples. The isolation rate was highest in poultry (37/50) and lowest in goat (2/50). 36 isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and the rest (14 isolates) were identified as Campylobacter coli. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates found resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic, erythromycin and chloramphenicol and all sensitive to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, tetracycline and imipenem. 36% of C. jejuni and 14% of C. coli had multiple antibiotic resistance index 0.2 and upper. Therefore, based on foregoing evidence, all of the isolates were resistant to antibiotics, therefore, human infection with Campylobacter spp. via utilization of animal origin products is possible.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19449_ada822e604972569cda7a8cddc045c0d.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Sleep quality assessment among Iranian postgraduate academics 15 25 19450 EN Hanieh Riazi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-8200-9337 Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Having a good quality sleep is essential for college students to support their academic success, physical health, mental well-being, and overall productivity. In this study, we evaluated the sleep quality among graduate students studying medical physiology at Tarbiat Modares University. Materials and Methods: 46 students including 11 master's and 31 doctoral students, and also 4 postdoctoral researchers participated in this study. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire. Results: The overall sleep quality score of participants was 6.8±0.49, indicating that the students faced poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbance was significantly higher in female than male students (p<0.05). Moreover, students with higher age, married or engaged in carrying out the practical experiments related to their thesis had a lower score (p<0.05) (i.e. better performance) in the daily functioning component compared to other students. Conclusion: This study showed that medical physiology students have poor sleep quality. This undesirable sleep quality can impair the students learning and research skills. It is recommended that appropriate plans be made and necessary training be provided to students to improve their sleep quality.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19450_0d399929b9a355b71fe83dfe8b6f41f5.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Effect of deep brain stimulation on length of dendrites in hippocampal CA1 neurons in pentylenetetrazol kindled rats 26 31 19451 EN Razieh Rohani Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Aghaei Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Mirbehbehani Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hassan Heidari Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Aim: Applying deep brain stimulation at low-frequency has anticonvulsant effect on kindled seizures. In this study, the effect of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on kindling-induced changes in the dendritic length of hippocampal CA1 neurons was investigated. Methods: To administer LFS in the hippocampus, animals first underwent stereotactic surgery and a tripolar electrode were positioned in the CA1 region. Animals received intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 34 mg/kg) every other day until they showed three consecutive stage 4 or 5 seizures. LFS was administered to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in kindled+LFS group. Hippocampal samples were prepared for stereological assessment one week after termination of LFS application. Results: PTZ kindling was accompanied with a decrease in dendritic length in CA1 neurons. One week after application of LFS, the length of dendrites was restored to control group values, and there was a significant difference between kindled+LFS and kindled groups. Interestingly, the effect of administering LFS alone in control group, was similar to that of kindled group and a significant decrease was observed in dendritic length. Conclusion: LFS had a restoring effect on morphological changes in CA1 neurons of kindled animals. This effect may be considered a mechanism for therapeutic action of deep brain stimulation in seizure.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19451_ea9c07b5d0be2b8ee4631ee110f97fb4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy 32 35 19452 EN Mahmoud Rezaei Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Navid Heidari Journal Article 1970 01 01 Novel antiepileptic drugs (AED) are now available. However, many epileptic patients still find the condition difficult to handle. Drug therapy does not work for about one-third of the cases and not all people who will benefit from surgery. The use of electric current as a treatment option has emerged since the late twentieth century. Inhibition of synapse activity is a way that low-frequency stimulation (LFS) prevents epileptic activity. It will enhance the endocytosis of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and activate calcineurin, thereby leading to long-term depression (LTD). High-frequency stimulation (HFS) also contributes to the control of epilepsy by increasing the membrane permeability of neurons. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. More research is required to fine-tune electrical stimulation parameters and yield better results in epilepsy patient care.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19452_c314d02582ee0c4cc460ea3e470bb4d4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 Impact of Maternal Separation on Long-Term Potentiation and Synaptic Plasticity: Insights from Rodent Models 36 39 19453 EN Fateme Pishgooei Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Saeed Mehrazin Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Khadijeh Esmaeilpour Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Maternal separation (MS) is a well-characterized model of early life stress, based on the postnatal disruption of the mother-infant interaction. Studies on rodents have demonstrated that MS, as an early adverse life event, leads to spatial memory deficits and lasting changes in brain plasticity. Here, we review data from animal studies regarding the impact of MS on long-term potentiation (LTP). Evidence shows that animal models are useful for evaluating the effects of MS on LTP. Overall, studies suggest that MS impairs LTP.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19453_05180a6ec799ff23dabad1f899382570.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 The Role of Dopamine D2-Like Receptors in the Occurrence of LFS Effects on Spontaneous Synaptic Currents 40 48 19454 EN Azam Sadeghian Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Rezaie Tarbiat Modares University Meysam Zare Journal Article 1970 01 01 low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) has been considered as a new treatment method for epilepsy patients resistant to drug treatment, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Gi protein-coupled receptors such as dopamine D2-like receptors may play a role in mediating the effects of LFS. In this study, the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in the effects of LFS on seizure-induced spontaneous synaptic activity in the hippocampal CA1 region of fully kindled rats has been investigated. Animals were kindled by semi-rapid kindling method (6 stimulations per day) by electrical stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 region. In LFS-treated groups, animals received 4 LFS packets at 5 minutes, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 30 hours after the last LFS stimulation.Each LFS package consisted of 4 series with an interval of 5 minutes, and each series consisted of 200 pulses, and the pulse duration was 0.1 ms with a frequency of 1 Hz. Haloperidol (D2 receptor antagonist, mµ2) or bromocriptine (D2 receptor agonist, g/µlitµ2) was injected into the lateral ventricle immediately after the last kindling stimulation, before applying LFS. The obtained results showed that the application of LFS in kindled animals did not affect the spontaneous excitatory currents in the hippocampus, but it caused a decrease in the spontaneous inhibitory currents in the hippocampus. D2 receptor agonist did not mimic the effects of LFS. The use of haloperidol did not affect the effects of LFS. Therefore, spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory potentials are not a suitable quantity to investigate the effectiveness of LFS.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19454_a87bbbbe08344d9c9fd3f6d86bb7cc88.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 25 3 2022 04 01 The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eryngium caeruleum on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)- induced seizures in male mice 49 55 19455 EN Sepideh Abdi Tazeabadi Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Ensieh Mohammadi Zazeli Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Rostampour Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht , Iran Bahram Soltani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht , Iran Mostafa Rostampour Vajari Department of Basic Science, Colledge of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Seizure is one of the most important symptoms of epilepsy and many other neurogenic injuries. Due to the chronicity of epilepsy and the side effects of chemical drugs and drug resistance, with the aim of achieving effective treatment methods and less adverse effects, use of medicinal plants has attracted a lot of attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eryngium caeruleum on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in male mice. Methods: In this experimental study the NMRI male mice were randomly divided into six groups of 8 each. Forty-five minutes before the injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) as a convulsive agent, hydro-alcoholic extract of Eryngium caeruleum (100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg; to the treatment group), saline (10 ml/kg; to the negative control group,) or Phenobarbital (40 mg/kg; to the positive control group) were injected. All injections were done intraperitoneally (IP). The initiation time of myo-clonic and tonic-clonic seizures and death percent within 24 h were measured and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that different doses of the extract delayed the onset of myo-clonic and tonic-clonic convulsions and reduced the percentage of 24-hour mortality compared to the control group, which were significant in the doses of 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: It seems that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Eryngium caeruleum presented decremental effect on PTZ-induced seizure and death in male mice.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19455_e5079cbc9749b182f10d3127341579d9.pdf