Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 The consequences of acute sleep deprivation on hippocampus-dependent memories 1 6 19504 EN Hanieh Riazi M.Sc, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-8200-9337 Journal Article 1970 01 01 While the exact functions of sleep are not completely understood, it is a crucial part of daily life and comprises series of events that follows a consistent nightly cycle, enabling the human body to function at its best. More than 30% of adults suffer from sleep deprivation (SD). SD can lead to negative effects on cognitive performance including learning and memories. Here we review the consequences of acute SD on hippocampus- dependent memories, and activity and connectivity of different brain regions involved in the memory processing by focusing on neuroimaging studies.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19504_b75cfe19fe4b02b095827560041da9df.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Investigating the Potential of Curcumin in Reducing Liver Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β1 Gene Expression 7 12 19505 EN Reyhane Ebrahimi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Abstract: Introduction: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is crucial in developing liver fibrosis. Curcumin has been shown to effectively halt the advancement of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Nevertheless, curcumin's impact on liver fibrosis regression remains unclear. This study explored the involvement of curcumin and TGF-β1 in the regression of liver fibrosis. Methods: An experimental male C57BL/6 mice model included 6 treatment groups. The treatment groups were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 and 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis, negative controls were injected with olive oil. After cessation of injection, 2 of the treatment groups were given curcumin for 2 weeks. TGF-β1 expression in liver cells was analyzed by real-time PCR assay. ELISA analyzed hydroxyproline liver tissue levels. Values of p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results: CCl4 injection induced liver fibrosis and significantly increased TGF-β1 expression and hydroxyproline levels in tissues. Curcumin administration decreased the expression of TGF-β1 and hydroxyproline levels in the liver and accelerated the regression of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Curcumin accelerates regression of liver fibrosis, likely through decreasing TGF-β1 expression in the liver. Keywords: Liver fibrosis, Carbon tetrachloride, Curcumin, TGF-β1, Hydroxyproline.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19505_660e4be8f59ae4c3ab78ba485576fba3.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiac Biomarkers in an Obese Rat Model Induced by High-Fat and Fructose Diet Via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2/ Protein P21/Oxidation Resistance Protein Pathway 13 22 19506 EN Bakhtiar Salehi Mohsen Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Ahvaz, Iran. Marina Shariati Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Ahvaz, Iran. Maryam Radan Persian Gulf Research Center, Medical Collage, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Background: Obesity is considered as a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (NRF2)/ Protein P21 (P21)/Oxidation Resistance Protein (OXR1) pathway in the experimental model of obesity induced by high-fat and fructose diet. Materials and methods: Twenty-Four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups including standard diet, high-fat/fructose diet and high-fat/fructose diet+ Aerobic exercise group. At the end of study, the anthropometrics parameters, lipid profile and antioxidant gene expression (OXR1, P21, NRF2) were measured in all groups. Results: A high-fat diet containing fructose increased serum total cholesterol, body mass index, and Li index in male rats. The expression level of OXR1, Nrf2 and P21 genes in the cardiac tissue of obese rats was changes compare to the control group. However, 8 weeks exercise caused to improves the cardiac damage parameters and antioxidant genes in obese rats. Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise could modulate the antioxidant defense system and improve fat metabolism in cardiac tissue. It is suggested that aerobic exercise can be considered as useful treatment in obese patients with cardiovascular dysfunction.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19506_5b01cb0b4b51a8959fdfacbe99cd6aa4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Harmaline Improves Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Elastase 23 32 19507 EN Khojasteh Hoseinynejad Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Maram Gholipour Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Freshteh Nejad Dehbashi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Maryam Radan Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Background: Harmaline exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, osteogenic, immunomodulatory, emmenagogue, and antitumor activities. The current study aimed to investigating the effect of harmaline on oxidative stress factors in lung epithelial cells exposed to elastase. Material and method: oxidative stress markers of lung epithelial cells were investigated in all cell groups including, control, H2O2, elastase and elastase plus harmaline (50, 100, 200 μm). lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to elastase with concentrations of 60 U/ml for 24 hours. In other groups, cells exposed to elastase were co-treated with three different doses of harmaline (50, 100 and 200 µm) for 24 hours at 37°C. Results: the results show a significant effect of harmaline's protective effect on cell viability, free radical production (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). harmaline significantly increased the viability and TAC level in the cells exposed to elastase. Also, harmaline significantly decreased the percentage of free radicals and the MDA level in the cells exposed to elastase. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed a significant protective effect of harmaline on cell viability through increases in antioxidant defense system. Therefore, harmaline, can probably considered as a therapeutic strategy to prevent or treatment of lung diseases.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19507_c0ec8631c0327e613311aa7f4a48e553.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Efficacy and Safety of Novel Chitosan Hydrogel As Haemostat In Rat Neurosurgical Model 23 41 19508 EN Tayeb Zohrabi Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 ABSTRACT Introduction. Bleeding in neurosurgery presents a significant challenge due to the brain's dense network of blood vessels. This project aimed to design a biocompatible and biodegradable hemostatic agent based on chitosan hydrogel to rectify disadvantages such as neural compression for use in the control of bleeding in nerve injuries. Methods. The injury was made in the lambda region, which has a dense network of blood vessels. Using an electric drill, a hole with a diameter of 2 mm was created. Bleeding in control group was examined by a sterile gauze pad. In other groups, hydrogel dressing and commercial hemostasis such as surgical were used to control bleeding. The main parameters including volume of blood lost and the time of the bleeding, were measured. Results. The results demonstrated that chitosan similar to surgical, has an improved hemostatic property. In addition, chitosan hydrogel was non-cytotoxic, obtaining cell viability values ≥ 89% for the L929 cells. Conclusion. The results of the present study indicate that the safety and enhanced efficacy of chitosan-based hemostats, make them a potentially suitable option for use in neurological surgery.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19508_1a2415c433a4d3d7634fcd104c607e26.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Antioxidants Therapy in Oral Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review 43 57 19509 EN Hossein Malek Zadeh AJUMS Amirdanial Pourahmadiyeh AJUMS Journal Article 1970 01 01 The current article seeks to review the published literature regarding the possible impacts of antioxidant therapy on the management of oral inflammatory conditions. Evidence for this review was systematically collected from reputable scientific databases, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2024. To ensure a thorough exploration of the topic, broad keywords such as Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Oral Diseases were employed, utilizing both "OR" and "AND" search strategies. The findings from the reviewed literature suggest that antioxidant therapy, whether derived from natural sources or synthesized, demonstrates statistically significant improvements in alleviating oral diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, this review underscores the promise of antioxidant agents in both the prevention and treatment of inflammatory oral diseases, indicating that dietary changes and the intake of antioxidant supplements may be beneficial in managing these conditions

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19509_8b4a91fc31792de78bf05bd0e87a23df.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 The Assessment of The Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Ahvaz, Iran 59 67 19510 EN Seyad Ali Ghafari Pour AJUMS Khojasteh Hoseinynejad Department of Physiology, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Maryam Radan Department of Physiology, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehran Varnasseri Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Meisam Moezzi Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Samireh Ghafouri Department of Physiology, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Background: The health-related quality of life in patients who have received kidney transplants plays a crucial role in determining the timing of their dialysis initiation and their involvement in family and community settings. Consequently, this study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life among kidney transplant recipients. Method: This research is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study involving patients who have undergone kidney transplantation within the past year, carried out at Golestan and Imam Khomeini Ahvaz hospitals. A specific questionnaire, the KDQOL-SF, was employed to gather data on the quality of life of these patients. The study comprised 27 participants who were at least 6-months post-transplant. Results: The results indicated that the overall quality of life among the participants was average, with those who were one-year post-transplant reporting improved quality of life scores. It was observed that men and married individuals had significantly higher quality of life scores compared to their female and single counterparts. Furthermore, participants aged 26 to 30 years exhibited the highest quality of life scores, and a significant positive correlation was found between quality of life and the level of social support received by kidney transplant patients. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of this study suggest that the quality of life for kidney transplant recipients is generally average, with notable improvements occurring one year after the procedure. Additionally, demographic factors such as gender, marital status, and age, along with the presence of social support, are significant determinants of quality of life in this demographic.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19510_d26deb6325aed2d1d9ebb9d96c423854.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 2 2024 11 01 Exploring educational and research ideals of Iranian medical students: A pathway to reclaiming scientific authority 69 72 19511 EN Hadis Nazeri Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Amin Talebi Bazmin Abadi Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5209-6436 Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction Scientific authority is crucial for nations shaping global knowledge and innovation. For Iran, achieving this goal aligns with Vision 1404, which aspires to position the country as a regional and global leader in science and technology. Despite advancements in fields like nanotechnology and medical sciences, challenges such as limited international collaboration and resource constraints impede progress. This study explores the educational and research ideals of Iranian medical students, who are pivotal in advancing scientific authority. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 1402–1403 across Iranian medical universities. A total of 180 students were invited to participate, with 135 completing the survey (response rate: 75%). A two-part questionnaire evaluated participants' access to resources and perceptions of scientific authority. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) with descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical approval was granted by the National Strategic Research Center for Medical Education (Approval Code: IR.NASRME.REC.1403.033), and informed consent was obtained from participants. Results Of the 135 respondents, 100 were master’s students, 10 doctoral, and 25 undergraduates. No significant demographic associations were found with responses. Alarmingly, 90% of participants were unaware of the criteria for achieving scientific authority in Iran, and 81% did not prioritize it in their academic or professional goals. Discussion The findings reveal a critical need for cultural shifts and strategic interventions to integrate scientific authority into Iran's academic and research frameworks. By fostering awareness, innovation, and interdisciplinary collaboration, Iran can reclaim its leadership in global science and technology, aligning educational priorities with national ambitions.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19511_d66f27ddc6cea33a948e4cafefc9038e.pdf