Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 Individuals’ Cognitive Functions in Numerical Stroop Test Is Associated with Their Sleep disturbance and Cognitive Disability 1 6 19512 EN Hanieh Riazi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-8200-9337 Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Poor sleep quality can lead to negative effects on cognitive performance. However, the association between sleep quality and person's ability to inhibit a habitual response has not been investigated yet. In this study, the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function with subjects’ performance in numerical Stroop test (NST) was investigated. Methods: 21 male and female volunteers underwent NST. Sleep quality and cognitive function were evaluated using Pittsburgh sleep quality and cognitive disabilities index questionnaires, respectively. Finally, the correlation between sleep quality and cognitive disability indices with NST parameters was measured. Results: Unfavorable sleep quality and cognitive disability were significantly correlated with decreased the reaction time of subjects in NST. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between lower sleep quality and cognitive disability. Conclusion: It is concluded that poor sleep quality reduces the ability to inhibit a habitual response. In addition, poor sleep quality increases individuals' impulsive decisions. Furthermore, cognitive performance is negatively influenced by poor sleep quality.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19512_7487db4b18866f75529483d51e31fd49.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 7 18 19513 EN Seyed Hossein Hodjat Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Maryam Kamali Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Environmental stressors such as heat, cold, or natural enemies may alter insect genetics, behavior, morphology, or physiology, increasing their offspring's survival. Special traits and variations in population characteristics of insects enhance their resistant genotypes and can lead to adaptation to stressors under local conditions. Insects' reactions to stressors, such as toxins, plant defense toxicants, or insecticides, trigger internal hormonal secretions. Changes in host plants or feeding on blood produce metabolic stress and neural signal responses in insects. Mild stress is often tolerated by insect pests. Continued stress may activate the neuroendocrine system and produce hormones that defend against stress, increasing the pest's tolerance. Mimesis and camouflage in insects are evolutionary responses to escape the stresses of natural enemies. Fluctuating asymmetry and morphological changes in pest populations are also caused by stress. The reaction of cells to stress involves cytogenetic changes and the formation of various proteins through genetic signals that affect cell energy acquisition. In this article, we discuss the effects of stress on a few species of medically important insects and how pests cope with stress factors that affect their biology.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19513_7cd542b173cf405c73cff9ffcd5ea953.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 Comparison of Efficacy of Nebulized Ventolin, Pulmicort and Normal Saline in Treatment of Children Under 2 Years Old with Bronchiolitis Admitted in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital 19 29 19514 EN Mahsa Abdollah Zadeh Department of Pediatrics Pulmonology, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Farhad Abolnejadian Department of Pediatrics Pulmonology, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mohsen Alisamir Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mohammad Reza Mirkarimi Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Abuzar Children’s Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Torabizadeh Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Background: Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Apart from supportive care, no effective treatment for this disease has been identified so far. Accordingly, a double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on infants with a diagnosis of mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Material and Methods: Three clinical trial groups were designed, including Ventolin 0.15 mg/kg, Palmicort 125 mg twice a day, and normal saline nebulization every 4 hours. Clinical symptoms were monitored by asthma and allergy specialist daily, and the need for supplemental oxygen, recovery time from symptoms, and hospital days were recorded and compared between the three groups. Results: The results demonstrated that the frequency of oxygen requirement in both palmicort and normal saline groups was lower in compare to the ventolin group. But there was no significant difference between the three groups (P=0.765 and P=0.907, respectively). The duration of symptom improvement in the normal saline and palmicort group was significantly shorter than the Ventolin group (P=0.017). No significant difference was observed between the three groups of Ventolin, Pulmicort and normal saline during the treatment in terms of clinical score (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that Ventolin or Palmicort nebulizer is not statistically better than normal saline for the treatment of children with bronchiolitis. Therefore, our results do not support the routine use of bronchodilators in the clinical setting for the management of mild to moderate forms of bronchiolitis in infants.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19514_419518fcf025e16dafe3e74e1ba0cf5a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 A Review of Exosome-Mediated Immunotherapy in Iran 31 39 19515 EN Masoud Soleimani Department of Hematology , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 For decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been considered the two main pillars of cancer treatment, but with the advent of immunotherapy, studies have been shifted towards this treatment method. The main goal of immunotherapy is to strengthen or support the patient's immune system in destroying malignant cells. From the first immunotherapy in 1981 to 2013, when immunotherapy was introduced as the "Scientific Achievement of the Year," various immunotherapy methods have been used to treat patients. Since the use of cells in therapy has always been associated with problems, the introduction of exosomes as nanoparticles that could easily reach the target tissue could greatly overcome the challenges of immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to review studies on exosome-mediated immunotherapy. Although the studies have been shown favorable outcomes, it would be valuable to conduct research in this field that could help to better advance and solve the challenges of exosome mediated immunotherapy.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19515_289c71a3a46b3f3ef38d65ff4583a19e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori infection through in silico analysis of the babA Gene 41 45 19516 EN Seyedeh Kimia Zamani Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Sahar Ghasemiyeh Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Amin Talebi Bazmin Abadi Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5209-6436 Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction The babA gene of H. pylori plays a critical role in pathogenesis and host interaction. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of babA among various H. pylori strains to uncover evolutionary lineages, adaptation mechanisms, and genetic diversity influenced by environmental and geographical factors. Methods A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the babA gene sequences from diverse H. pylori strains.The analysis employed the General Time Reversible (GTR) model with four rate classes, encompassing 759 analyzed sites.Evolutionary distances were inferred, with specific focus on clustering, genetic divergence, and recombination events. Strain groupings and outliers were evaluated for shared ancestry and ecological adaptations. Results The phylogenetic tree revealed multiple clusters reflecting distinct evolutionary lineages. Early-branching strains such as AY744019.1 and KP339412.1 exhibited significant genetic divergence, suggesting unique evolutionary trajectories. Strains like MZ409791.1 and KP339411.1 showed close genetic similarity, implying recent common ancestry or shared ecological environments. Recurrent accessions, such as MZ409795.1, in separate clades indicated potential recombination events. The robust analytical framework underscored evolutionary pressures and highlighted strain-specific adaptations, including longer branches linked to increased virulence or host-specificity. Discussion The babA gene's genetic diversity underscores its role in the success of H. pylori as a pathogen. Variability enhances host immune evasion and adaptability to diverse environments. The findings emphasize the importance of correlating phylogenetic patterns with clinical outcomes, such as disease severity and drug resistance. Future research integrating geographic and genetic data can provide deeper insights into H. pylori pathogenesis, guiding more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing gastric diseases globally.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19516_cb5a475c1348bead24ba41f08a0eeb79.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 Comparison liver and kidney functions among COVID-19 infected patients, recovery period, and healthy subjects 47 53 19517 EN Nidaa Taha Yassin Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mehdi Abbasnejad Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran2 Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Corona damage a wide range of organs and their functions So, the purpose of this study is to compare the function of kidneys and livers in COVID-19-infected people and people who were in the recovery phase after about five months from the onset of the infection. Methods: This study was carried out in Samarra General Hospital (COVID-19 epidemic center) in Salahuddin province Iraq from the 1st of January 2022 till the end of December 2022. In The case-control study 100 subjects (men and women 20-80 years), 40 adult people as control with negative RT-PCR or CT-Scan for COVID-19 and no apparent chronic diseases, and 60 subjects (n=30). The blood urea, creatinine as markers of kidney function, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein as markers of liver function by special kits were assessed. Results: In COVID-19-infected subjects and in subjects in the recovery stage, the markers of kidney function, blood urea, and creatinine increased significantly (p<0.001), and in this regard, no difference was seen between the two genders. Similarly, the evaluation of compounds related to liver function, including ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein, was significantly higher in both affected and recovering patients (p<0.001) compared to healthy individuals. In this case, there was no difference between the two genders. Conclusion: It seems that not only in COVID-19-infected subjects but also in subjects who have recovered from corona, in both men and women, there are relatively permanent failures in the function of kidneys and liver.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19517_2b423dc1a327648b419922ee8980e8dd.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 The Effects of Combined Vitamins C and E Treatment on Pain Sensitivity in Diabetic Mice 47 53 19518 EN Fatemeh Habibnia Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hossein Emamgholinejad Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ali Sadrzadeh Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Kasra Akbarnattaj 2Department of Neurology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Manouchehr Ashrafpour Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein 3 Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran4 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, significantly affecting their quality of life. This study investigates the effects of combined vitamins C and E treatment on pain sensitivity in diabetic mice, aiming to elucidate their therapeutic potential for managing diabetic neuropathic pain. Methods: Adult male BALB/c mice (25-30g) were used to induce animal model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The pain sensitivity was evaluated by several behavioral tests such as hot plate, tail flick and formalin test. Results: Our results demonstrated that glucose levels in diabetic mice were significantly elevated compared to controls, and Vitamin E treatment notably reduced glucose levels, while vitamin C alone did not show significant changes. Pain behavior was assessed using the formalin test, where both vitamins significantly reduced licking time during the acute phase and chronic phase with combined treatment exhibiting an additive effect. Additionally, the tail flick test revealed prolonged latency in response to thermal stimuli with both vitamins, indicating enhanced analgesic effects, particularly when administered together. The hot plate test further confirmed increased latency times with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamins C and E co-supplementation ameliorates pain sensitivity and may improve metabolic outcomes in diabetic conditions, highlighting the benefits of these antioxidants and their potential as therapeutic agents to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from diabetes-related pain.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19518_de95cc66628a532bfd2258159f8950e1.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Pathobiology Research 2538-3000 27 3 2024 11 01 Effect of Resistance Training on Soleus Muscle Mass and Gene Expression of AMPK and PI3K in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes 63 69 19519 EN Mojtaba Eizadi Department of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran. Hamid Eslami Department of Exercise physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Mania Rozbayani Department of Exercise physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 Introduction: Clinical studies have pointed to muscle atrophy in diabetic patients. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of resistance training on the expression of some transcription factors effective on muscle hypertrophy in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: For this purpose, type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide-STZ in fourteen male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g). Then diabetic rats were randomly selected in resistance and control groups. Rats in the resistance group participated in a 10-week resistance training (5 times weekly) in the form of climbing a step ladder with resistance (tying a weight to the tail based on the percentage of body weight), and the control group did not participate in the exercises. 48 hours after the last training session, the expression of PI3K and AMPK genes in the soleus muscle, as well as the weight of the soleus muscle and the ratio of soleus muscle weight to body weight (soleus/body weight ratio) were measured and compared by independent t test between groups. Results: Compared to control group, resistance training resulted in significant increase in PI3K expression, soleus muscle weight and soleus/body weight ratio (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training leads to soleus muscle hypertrophy in diabetic rats, and this improvement can probably be attributed to the increased PI3K expression.

https://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article_19519_1e1aee7d1c2f371f8cd3442dcdc4e8cd.pdf