Effects of Platelet Microparticles on the Activation of B Cells

Authors
M. A. Esmaili 1
F. Yari 2
Z. Sharifi 2
M. Nikougoftar 3
R. Fadaei 1
1 M.Sc., High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
2 Associated Professor, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D., High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objectives: Platelets are anucleated fragments derived from megakaryocytes. It has been demonstrated that platelets play a role in hemostasis and innate immunity. In addition, platelets have a CD40 ligand which is an important molecular marker in motivating immune cells. Thus, platelets also have a role in adaptive immunity as seen by their ability to activate B cells. Since human platelet microparticles (MPs) originate from platelets, we have chosen to examine the effects of MPs on B cell activation.
Methods: Platelet MPs were isolated from platelet concentrates obtained from theTehranBloodTransfusionCenter. The MPs were co-cultured with B cells isolated from human whole blood with magnetic beads using negative selection. After seven days, the expression of activation markers CD27 and CD86, as well as IgD were evaluated by flow cytometry.
Results: In a comparison between test (B cells/MPs) and control (B cells) cells we observed that the expression of activation markers CD27 and CD86 increased during the seven-day co-culture period. However, the expression of IgD antibody decreased.
Conclusions: As with platelets, MPs can affect B cell activation during in vitro co-culture.

Keywords

[1]   Monroe DM, Hoffman M, Roberts HR. Platelets and thrombin generation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22(9): 1381-9.
[2]   Sprague DL, Elzey BD, Crist SA, Waldschmidt TJ, Jensen RJ, Ratliff TL. Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity: unique delivery of CD154 signal by platelet-derived membrane vesicles. Blood 2008; 111(10): 5028-36.
[3]   Flaumenhaft R, Dilks JR, Richardson J, Alden E, Patel-Hett SR, Battinelli E, Klement GL, Sola-Visner M, Italiano JE Jr. Megakaryocyte-derived microparticles: direct visualization and distinction from platelet-derived microparticles. Blood 2009; 113(5): 1112-21.
[4]   Cognasse F, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Lafarge S, Chavarin P, Cogné M, Richard Y, Garraud O. Human platelets can activate peripheral blood B cells and increase production of immunoglobulins. Exp Hematol 2007; 35(9): 1376-87.
[5]   Zarbock A, Polanowska-Grabowska RK, Ley K. Platelet-neutrophil-interactions: linking hemostasis and inflammation. Blood Rev 2007; 21(2): 99-111.
[6]   Elzey BD, Tian J, Jensen RJ, Swanson AK, Lees JR, Lentz SR, Stein CS, Nieswandt B, Wang Y, Davidson BL, Ratliff TL. Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity. A communication link between innate and adaptive immune compartments. Immunity 2003; 19(1): 9-19.
[7]   Khan SY, Kelher MR, Heal JM, Blumberg N, Boshkov LK, Phipps R, Gettings KF, McLaughlin NJ, Silliman CC. Soluble CD40 ligand accumulates in stored blood components, primes neutrophils through CD40, and is a potential cofactor in the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood 2006; 108(7): 2455-62.
[8]   Wolf P. The nature and significance of platelet products in human plasma. Br J Haematol 1967; 13(3): 269-88.
[9]   Siljander PR. Platelet-derived microparticles - an updated perspective. Thromb Res 2011; 127 Suppl 2: S30-3.
[10]  Mause SF, Weber C. Microparticles: protagonists of a novel communication network for intercellular information exchange. Circ Res 2010; 107(9): 1047-57.
[11]  Janowska-Wieczorek A, Majka M, Kijowski J, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Reca R, Turner AR, Ratajczak J, Emerson SG, Kowalska MA, Ratajczak MZ. Platelet-derived microparticles bind to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and enhance their engraftment. Blood 2001; 98(10): 3143-9.
[12]  Rubin O, Crettaz D, Tissot JD, Lion N. Microparticles in stored red blood cells: submicron clotting bombs? Blood Transfus 2010; 8 Suppl 3: s31-8.
[13]  Italiano JE Jr, Mairuhu AT, Flaumenhaft R. Clinical relevance of microparticles from platelets and megakaryocytes. Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 17(6): 578-84.
[14]  Leroyer AS, Rautou PE, Silvestre JS, Castier Y, Lesèche G, Devue C, Duriez M, Brandes RP, Lutgens E, Tedgui A, Boulanger CM. CD40 ligand+ microparticles from human atherosclerotic plaques stimulate endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis a potential mechanism for intraplaque neovascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52(16): 1302-11.
[15]  Chernoff A, Snyder EL. The cellular and molecular basis of the platelet storage lesion: a symposium summary. Transfusion 1992; 32(4): 386-90.
[16]  Freyssinet JM. Cellular microparticles: what are they bad or good for? J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1(7): 1655-62.
[17]  Sabatier F, Roux V, Anfosso F, Camoin L, Sampol J, Dignat-George F. Interaction of endothelial microparticles with monocytic cells in vitro induces tissue factor-dependent procoagulant activity. Blood 2002; 99(11): 3962-70.
[18]  Segura E, Amigorena S, Théry C. Mature dendritic cells secrete exosomes with strong ability to induce antigen-specific effector immune responses. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 35(2): 89-93.
Skokos D, Botros HG, Demeure C, Morin J, Peronet R, Birkenmeier G, Boudaly S, Mécheri S. Mast cell-derived exosomes induce phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells and elicit specific immune responses in vivo. J Immunol 2003; 170(6): 3037-45.
Pathobiology Reserach
Volume 15, Issue 4
February 2013
Pages 1-10