The Effect of One Event of Submaximal Exercise on Plasma Hepcidin Concentrations in Male Runners

Authors
A. Afsari Kalashemi 1
A. Shemshaki 1
M. Hedayati 2
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolism Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objective: Because of the importance iron metabolism and role of hepcidin in running, the present study investigates the effects of one event of submaximal exercise on plasma hepcidin concentrations in male runners. Methods: For this purpose, we selected eight runners who were athletic team members of Mazandaran University with an average age of 21.7±1.34 years, height of 175.6±5.88 cm, weight of 71.7±11.13 kg and BMI of 23.2±2.95 kg/m2. Subjects ran on the treadmill at 65% heart rate reserves for 60 min and blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and at 3 and 24 h following exercise. Plasma samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of hepcidin, IL-6, iron and ferritin. The repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc LSD were used to compare the differences between the samples. Results: The results showed significant decrease in plasma hepcidin at 24 h postexercise compared to immediately postexercise (P<0.05), which might be attributed to a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of IL-6 at 3 h postexercise (P<0.05; r=0.794). Although there were no significant differences observed in postexercise plasma iron, a dramatic increase in plasma ferritin was observed immediately, 3 and 24 h postexercise compared to pre-exercise (P<0.05). Conclusions: With regards to the lack of correlation between plasma concentrations of hepcidin and iron (P>0.05), it can be concluded that one event of submaximal exercise does not cause significant differences on plasma hepcidin concentration immediately postexercise and it does not change in regulation of iron metabolism. This observation may be related to exercise duration and intensity.

Keywords

[1]  Sutak R, Lesuisse E, Tachezy J, Richardson DR. Crusade for iron: iron uptake in unicellular eukaryotes and its significance for virulence. Trends Microbiol 2008; 16(6): 261-8.
[2]  Takami T, Sakaida I. Iron regulation by hepatocytes and free radicals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48(2): 103-6.
[3]  Krause A, Neitz S, Mägert HJ, Schulz A, Forssmann WG, Schulz-Knappe P, Adermann K. LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide, exhibits antimicrobial activity. FEBS Lett 2000; 480(2-3): 147-50.
[4]  Park CH, Valore EV, Waring AJ, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. J Biol Chem 2001; 276(11): 7806-10.
[5]  Collins JF, Wessling-Resnick M, Knutson MD. Hepcidin Regulation of Iron Transport. J Nutr 2008; 138(11): 2284-8.
[6]  Ganz T. Hepcidin and its role in regulating systemic iron metabolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006; 507: 29-35.
[7]  Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V, Keller C, Taudorf S, Pedersen BK, Ganz T. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest 2004; 113(9): 1271-6.
[8]  Nemeth E, Tuttle MS, Powelson J, Vaughn MB, Donovan A, Ward DM, Ganz T, Kaplan J. Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 2004; 306(5704): 2090-3.
[9]  Nemeth E, Ganz T. Hepcidin and iron-loading anemias. Haematologica 2006; 91(6): 727-32.
[10] Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, Landers G, Wiegerinck ET, Swinkels DW, Trinder D. Effects of exercise on hepcidin response and iron metabolism during recovery. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009; 19(6): 583-97
[11] Nemeth E, Valore EV, Territo M, Schiller G, Lichtenstein A, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute-phase protein. Blood 2003; 101(7): 2461-3.
[12] Roecker L, Meier-Buttermilch R, Brechtel L, Nemeth E, Ganz T. Iron-regulatory protein hepcidin is increased in female athletes after a marathon. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 95(5-6): 569-71.
[13] Kemna E, Pickkers P, Nemeth E, van der Hoeven H, Swinkels D. Time-course analysis of hepcidin, serum iron, and plasma cytokine levels in humans injected with LPS. Blood 2005; 106(5): 1864-6.
[14] Troadec MB, Lainé F, Daniel V, Rochcongar P, Ropert M, Cabillic F, Perrin M, Morcet J, Loréal O, Olbina G, Westerman M, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Brissot P. Daily regulation of serum and urinary hepcidin is not influenced by submaximal cycling exercise in humans with normal iron metabolism. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106(3): 435-43.
[15] Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Zacho M, Asp S, Pedersen BK. Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running. J Physiol 1998; 508 (Pt 3): 949-53.
[16] Fischer CP. Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance? Exerc Immunol Rev 2006; 12: 6-33.
[17] Peeling P. Exercise as a mediator of hepcidin activity in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110(5): 877-83.
[18] Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O. The effects of training on heart rate; a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 1957; 35(3): 307-15.
[19] Agha Alinejad H, Shamsi MM. Exercise induced release of cytokines from skeletal muscle: emphasis on IL-6. IJEM 2010; 12(2): 181-90. (Persian)
[20] Ali MH, Schlidt SA, Chandel NS, Hynes KL, Schumacker PT, Gewertz BL. Endothelial permeability and IL-6 production during hypoxia: role of ROS in signal transduction. Am J Physiol 1999; 277(5 Pt 1): L1057-65.
[21] Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, Landers G, Wiegerinck ET, Swinkels DW, Trinder D. Training surface and intensity: inflammation, hemolysis, and hepcidin expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(5): 1138-45.
[22] Pattini A, Schena F, Guidi GC. Serum ferritin and serum iron changes after cross-country and roller ski endurance races. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1990; 61(1-2): 55-60.
[23] Telford RD, Sly GJ, Hahn AG, Cunningham RB, Bryant C, Smith JA. Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 94(1): 38-42.
[24] Nemeth E, Ganz T. The Role of Hepcidin in Iron Metabolism. Acta Haematol 2009; 122(2-3): 78-86.
[25] Schumacher YO, Schmid A, König D, Berg A. Effects of exercise on soluble transferrin receptor and other variables of the iron status. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36(3): 195-9.
[26] Theil EC. Ferritin: at the crossroads of iron and oxygen metabolism. J Nutr 2003; 133(5 Suppl 1): 1549S-53S.
[27] Wang W, Di X, D'Agostino RB Jr, Torti SV, Torti FM. Excess capacity of the iron regulatory protein system. J Biol Chem 2007; 282(34): 24650-9.
[28] Peeling P, Dawson B, Goodman C, Landers G, Wiegerinck ET, Swinkels DW, Trinder D. Cumulative effects of consecutive running sessions on hemolysis, inflammation and hepcidin activity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106(1): 51-9.
[29] Newlin MK, Williams S, McNamara T, Tjalsma H, Swinkels DW, Haymes EM. The effects of acute exercise bouts on hepcidin in women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2012; 22(2): 79-88.
[30] Gropper SS, Blessing D, Dunham K, Barksdale JM. Iron status of female collegiate athletes involved in different sports. Biol Trace Elem Res 2006; 109(1): 1-14.
[31] Nicolas G, Bennoun M, Porteu A, Mativet S, Beaumont C, Grandchamp B, Sirito M, Sawadogo M, Kahn A, Vaulont S. Severe iron deficiency anemia in transgenic mice expressing liver hepcidin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99(7): 4596-601.
Pathobiology Reserach
Volume 17, Issue 1
April 2014
Pages 79-90