Role of non-coding RNAs in neurodegenerative movement disorders

Document Type : Analytic Review

Authors
E. Rahmani
S. Ahmadi
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Abstract
Aims: A decrease or an increase in the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the nervous system, via affecting the expression of certain molecules, induces dysfunctions in signaling pathways leading to neuronal death and neurodegenerative movement disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in movement disorders.

Materials & Methods: Literature in PubMed between 2000-2020 with keywords of ncRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and neurodegenerative movement disorder were searched. Then, the related data on the role and molecular mechanisms of the involvement of ncRNAs in Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) were reviewed.

Findings: The findings indicate that the alterations in the expression of microRNAs and lncRNAs through affecting the expression of essential molecules for neuronal survival such as neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidants cause neuronal cell death and induce neurodegenerative movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and ALS. Besides, pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that ncRNAs levels in the body fluids may serve as biomarkers in early diagnostic and monitoring the progression of movement disorders. New therapeutics based on targeting ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, have been developed and examined in animal models, which makes a hope to be appropriate candidates in controlling the progression of movement disorders in human patients in the near future.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that knowing effective ncRNAs and the related molecular mechanisms involved in movement disorders will result in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the movement disorders.

Keywords

Subjects

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Pathobiology Reserach
Volume 23, Issue 4
June 2020
Pages 25-38