1.[R. S. Fisher, W. V. E. Boas, W. Blume, C. Elger, P. Genton, P. Lee, and J. Engel Jr, “Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE),” Epilepsia, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 470-472, 2005.
2.[WHO, “World Health Organization: epilepsy: epidemiology, aetiology and prognosis,” WHO factsheet, 2001.
3.[E. Auditeau, F. Chassagne, G. Bourdy, M. Bounlu, J. Jost, J. Luna, V. Ratsimbazafy, P.-M. Preux, and F. Boumediene, “Herbal medicine for epilepsy seizures in Asia, Africa and Latin America: A systematic review,” Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 234, pp. 119-153, 2019.
4.[A. K. Ngugi, C. Bottomley, I. Kleinschmidt, J. W. Sander, and C. R. Newton, “Estimation of the burden of active and life‐time epilepsy: a meta‐analytic approach,” Epilepsia, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 883-890, 2010.
5.[K. Gupte-Singh, J. P. Wilson, J. C. Barner, K. M. Richards, K. L. Rascati, and C. Hovinga, “Patterns of antiepileptic drug use in patients with potential refractory epilepsy in Texas Medicaid,” Epilepsy & Behavior, vol. 87, pp. 108-116, 2018.
] 6.[N. J. Sucher, and M. C. Carles, “A pharmacological basis of herbal medicines for epilepsy,” Epilepsy & Behavior, vol. 52, pp. 308-318, 2015.
7[.J. F. Annegers, W. A. Hauser, and S. B. Shirts, “Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy,” Epilepsia, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 699-704, 1984.
8 [M. Famulari, and D. Lairson, “The Cost of Epilepsy in the United States: An Estimate from Population-Based Clinical and,” Epilepsia, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 342-351, 2000.
9.[ Z. Rabiei, and S. Rabiei, “A review on antidepressant effect of medicinal plants,” Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017.
10 .[S. D. Neiens, and M. Steinhaus, “Odor-active compounds in the special flavor hops Huell Melon and Polaris,” Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1452-1460, 2018.
]11. [K. Štulíková, M. Karabín, J. Nešpor, and P. Dostálek, “Therapeutic perspectives of 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 660, 2018.
]12 .[M. Švécarová, B. Navrátilová, P. Hašler, and V. Ondřej, “Artificial induction of tetraploidy in Humulus lupulus L. using oryzalin,” Acta Agrobotanica, vol. 72, no. 2, 2019.
13 .[B. Steenackers, L. De Cooman, and D. De Vos, “Chemical transformations of characteristic hop secondary metabolites in relation to beer properties and the brewing process: a review,” Food Chemistry, vol. 172, pp. 742-756, 2015.
]14 .[P. Zanoli, and M. Zavatti, “Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L,” Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 383-396, 2008.
]15 .[M. Iranshahy, and M. Iranshahi, “Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)—A review,” Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2011.
16 .[F. P. Battaglia, K. Benchenane, A. Sirota, C. M. Pennartz, and S. I. Wiener, “The hippocampus: hub of brain network communication for memory,” Trends in cognitive sciences, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 310-318, 2011.
17 .[R. N. Douville, and A. Nath, "Human endogenous retroviruses and the nervous system," Handbook of clinical neurology, pp. 465-485: Elsevier, 2014.
18.[.C. Marangoz, “Deneysel epilepsi modelleri,” Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 3, 2010.
]19[.R. S. Sloviter, “The neurobiology of temporal lobe epilepsy: too much information, not enough knowledge,” Comptes rendus biologies, vol. 328, no. 2, pp. 143-153, 2005.
]20.[I. Akdogan, and N. G. Yonguc, “Experimental epilepsy models and morphologic alterations of experimental epilepsy models in brain and hippocampus,” Underlying mechanisms of epilepsy, vol. 4, pp. 269-283, 2011.
]21.[.G. V. Goddard, D. C. McIntyre, and C. K. Leech, “A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation,” Experimental neurology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295-330, 1969.
]22 .[Ö. E. ERKEÇ, and O. Arihan, “Pentylenetetrazole Kindling Epilepsy Model,” Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society, vol. 21, no. 1, 2015.
] 23 [A. G. de Souza, A. J. M. Chaves Filho, J. V. S. Oliveira, D. A. A. de Souza, I. S. Lopes, M. A. J. de Carvalho, K. A. de Lima, F. C. F. Sousa, S. M. M. Vasconcelos, and D. Macedo, “Prevention of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and behavioral comorbidities in mice by levetiracetam combined with the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide: involvement of brain antioxidant and BDNF upregulating properties,” Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 109, pp. 429-439, 2019.
24 .[E. Samokhina, and A. Samokhin, “Neuropathological profile of the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model,” International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 128, no. 11, pp. 1086-1096, 2018.
25] Brodovskaya, A., & Kapur, J. (2022). Connectivity and Excitability Shape Seizure Circuits. Epilepsy Currents, 15357597221136961
26] Kwon, Jae Young, et al. "Perspective: therapeutic potential of flavonoids as alternative medicines in epilepsy." Advances in Nutrition 10.5 (2019): 778-790.
27. [M. Sharifi-Rad, C. Lankatillake, D. A. Dias, A. O. Docea, M. F. Mahomoodally, D. Lobine, P. L. Chazot, B. Kurt, T. Boyunegmez Tumer, and A. Catarina Moreira, “Impact of Natural Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Preclinical to Pharmacotherapeutics,” Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1061, 2020.
28 .[T.-L. Yen, C.-K. Hsu, W.-J. Lu, C.-Y. Hsieh, G. Hsiao, D.-S. Chou, G.-J. Wu, and J.-R. Sheu, “Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats,” Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1937-1944, 2012.
29. [T. Ayabe, T. Fukuda, and Y. Ano, “Improving Effects of Hop-Derived Bitter Acids in Beer on Cognitive Functions: A New Strategy for Vagus Nerve Stimulation,” Biomolecules, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 131, 2020.
Pathobiology Reserach