Involvement of hippocampus in learning and memory through associated synaptic plasticity: the role of glutamate and GABA receptors

Document Type : Systematic Review

Authors
1 Faculty of medicine, Izmir University of Economics
2 Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences
3 Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is one of the most crucial physiological processes involved in learning and memory. Diseases such as Alzheimer’s, depression, and epilepsy, which affect synaptic plasticity, lead to memory and learning impairments. The hippocampus is a key brain region in synaptic plasticity. Neural plasticity is a complex process dependent on neurochemical underpinnings. Next to the glutamatergic system which contributes to memory formation via long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA is crucially involved in neuroplastic processes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms which are involved in the synaptic plasticity and memory processes can help us to overcome neurological disease which they affect memory function and synaptic plasticity.

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