Allium jesdianum Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in the Liver of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice

Introduction
The liver is essential for drug metabolism and detoxification, and cyclophosphamide (CTX) can trigger hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Allium jesdianum has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may mitigate CTX-induced liver injury. This study investigates whether the antioxidant properties of A. jesdianum can protect organ function in a CTX-treated animal model, with implications for potential adjunctive strategies in CTX therapy.
Methods and materials
Twenty male NMRI mice divided randomly into 4 groups (n=5 per group): normal saline for 14 days (oral), A. jesdianum extract at 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days (oral), CTX at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) for 5 days, and A. jesdianum extract at 200 mg/kg (oral) daily for 14 days + CTX at 20 mg/kg IP during the last 5 days. Tissue samples were collected and analyzed for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory cytokines.
Results:
CTX increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which were attenuated by A. jesdianum (P < 0.001). Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were adversely modulated by CTX and markedly ameliorated by A. jesdianum pretreatment (p < 0.001). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were increased in the CTX group, which was significantly decreased by A. jesdianum (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion
A. jesdianum suggests attenuating CTX-associated liver toxicity by dampening oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thereby supporting its prospective role as a natural cytoprotective adjunct in chemotherapy regimens.