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F. Jonidi Shariatzadeh, K. Gheydari, A. Solouk, Sh. Bonakdar,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract

Introduction: Cartilage is a tissue without vessel and lymph in body. If it has a massive defect, it cannot regenerate and reconstruct itself. In this society, cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis and cartilage defects have increased. Its defects can disrupt the daily function of the patient and can be accompanied by pain due to bone wear. Common methods used to treat cartilage defects, which are considered invasive with low efficacy, include autologous chondrocytes, microfracture, bone marrow stimulation, and debridement. Current treatments are not definitive methods, which is why the use of stem cells and cartilage tissue engineering has been turned on. In the current review, the types of stem cells used in cartilage therapy and cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. Then, cellular signaling factors such as growth factors, mechanical and environmental factors were mentioned and referred to scaffolds based on the biomaterials used to engineer high-efficiency stem cells for the reconstruction of cartilage tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the use of stem cells in cartilage tissue regeneration and engineering.
Conclusion: The role of stem cells in regeneration of cartilage has been properly proven, but the mechanism and method of creating this regeneration has not yet been determined. Mesenchymal cells have the highest safety in cell therapy in cartilage, and these types of cells have the most clinical usage. In Iran, cell therapy is performed clinically for patients, but cartilage tissue engineering has not yet reached the clinical stage.
M. Sahafian, P. Farzanegi, H. Abbaszadeh, E. Vizvari,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract

Aims: Exercise activity and the use of herbal supplements are effective in regulating vascular contraction by influencing on angiogenesis factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine and genistein supplement on cardiac levels of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in wistar rats, following an acute swimming exercise.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male Wistar 8-10-week rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of control, saline, acute exercise, caffeine, genistein, acute swimming exercise plus caffeine, and acute swimming exercises plus genistein (7 rats in each group). Acute exercise included 90 minutes swimming. Dietary supplement groups, taked the caffeine at a rate of 5mg/kg of body weight by gavage and Genistein in the amount of 100mg/kg of body weight by intra peritoneal injection. Two hours after the end of the training session, the levels of NO and VEGF were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA.
Findings: 90 minutes swimming exercise caused a significant increase in cardiac levels of NO and VEGF in acute exercise, acute exercise plus caffeine, acute exercise plus genistein in comparison to the control and saline groups (p=0.01), while supplementation of caffeine or genistein alone did not significantly increase the levels of cardiac level of these factors compared to control and saline groups.
Conclusion: The supplementation of caffeine and genistein increases the levels of NO and VEGF of the heart tissue of rats following an acute swimming session.
B. Fatahi, M. Habibian,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract

Aim: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known as important metal oxide nanoparticles and are used in many medical and biological fields, but concerns are rising due to their potential effects on some organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on renal angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor levels in administered Rats with Nano Zinc Oxide.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, salin, nano zinc oxide, exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. Zinc nitric oxide (1mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 5 days a week into exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. The exercise program consisted of progressive running on a treadmill (5 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Two days after the last application, the rats were euthanized. The kidney tissue is separated and angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Findings: After 4 weeks of chronic treatment with nano zinc oxide, the levels of angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 were significantly increased. Exercise significantly reduced renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels. However, these variable levels in exercise plus nano zinc oxide group still were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduces renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels in Administered Rats with nano zinc oxide.
F. Keshtdar, R. Ramezani,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract

Aims: Exosomes are considered as a protective and enriched source of shuttle microRNAs. However, the precise biological mechanism of exosomal microRNAs in recipient cells remains to be further clarified. The aim of this study waz to investigate Expression level of miR-9 in exosomes derived from ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells and the effects of exosome treatment on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor )VEGF( expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Material and Methods: Exosomes were purified from the conditioned medium of ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells. Exosome size and morphology were examined by a scanning electron microscope. Purified exosomes were labeled with PKH26 red fluorescent labeling kit, then labeled exosomes were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for 12h at 37°C, and the cellular uptake was monitored using an inverted fluorescence microscope. Expression levels of miR-9 and VEGF were measured by real-time PCR. Paired t-test was used for data analysis.
Findings: The purified MSCs-derived exosomes had a spherical shape with a diameter between 50 to 100nm. PKH26-labeled exosomes can be taken up by SKOV3 tumor cells with high efficiency. The expression levels of miR-9 in both ovarian tumor cells and their exosomes. Exosomes derived from ovarian tumor cells caused increased expression of VEGF in exosome-treated endothelial cells.
Conclusion: Exosomes derived from ovarian tumor cells led to increased expression of VEGF in endothelial cells. As miR-9 was enriched in both ovarian tumor cells and their exosomes, it seems that exosomal transfer of miR-9 may affect the expression of VEGF in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis.
Z. Emruzi , P. Babaheidarian , Gh. Ahangari ,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (12-2018)
Abstract

Aims: The correlation between high levels of blood lipid with the induction of some diseases indicates significant effects of hyperlipidemia and especially on the immune system, inflammatory response, and secretion of cytokines. This is due to changes in the composition of cholesterol in the cell membrane and macrophage cytoplasm, which disrupts the signaling pathway necessary for the innate immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of on phenotype properties of T cells and the expression of its associated activation markers.
Materials & Methods: In the present experimental study 3ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 patients and 30 healthy subjects. The distribution of activation markers was evaluated by Immunophenotyping with anti-CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD69 antibodies. was used and output data were analyzed using Flow Jo 10 and SPSS 16 software.
Findings: Evaluation of the activation markers located T cells of patients with showed a significant decline by 0.8% and 2% in the expression of CD25 marker and 1.92% and 2.12% in the expression of CD69 marker on CD8+ CD4+ T cells, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The changes in the phenotype properties of T cells and the decreased expression of activation markers in high-level cholesterol conditions might weaken the immune system in hyperlipidemia patients.

M.r. Asad, M. Ghadiri, A. Barzegari,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract

Aims: Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine that plays an important role in regulating appetite and energy homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sequence order of combined strength and endurance training on the levels of nesfatin-1 and some metabolic risk factors of overweight women.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 overweight women (With a mean age of 28.00±3.17 years and BMI>25kg/m2), after initial evaluations and having the conditions for participation in the research, were randomly divided into 3 endurance-strength training groups (E+S; 10), strength-endurance training (S+E; 10) and overweight control (10). Experimental groups performed endurance and strength training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions each week and each session for 1 hour. Levels of nesfatin-1, insulin, glucose, and Insulin resistance before running the protocol and 48 hours after the last training session was measured by ELISA. To analyze the data, One-way ANOVA were used at a significance level of p≤0.05.
Findings: The results showed that in the comparison between the group, the combination of strength and resistance training increased the levels of nesfatin-1 significantly (p=0.009) and a significant reduction in glucose levels (p=0.009), insulin resistance (p=0.001) and insulin (p=0.001) was also observed.
Conclusion: According to the results, strength and endurance combined exercises can be effective on levels of metabolic indexes and leads to a decrease in metabolic risk indicators. Strength-endurance training seems to have more beneficial effects on the improvement of metabolic indexes.
 

M. Borjian Fard, S. Choobineh , R. Soori, Z. Mazaheri,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (10-2019)
Abstract

Aims: The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is activated by an interlacing-6 family of proteins and plays a crucial role in the hypertrophy process. Also, examining the role of this pathway in cardiac physiological hypertrophy derived by endurance training was the ultimate aim of this research.
Material & Methods: 16 adult male Wistar rats (age,  weeks) were used in this research. The rats were selected at random and assigned to one of two groups: Control and endurance training groups (8 rats in each group). Endurance training groups’ rats trained 8 weeks, 5 days/week. 48 hours after the last session, the rats were euthanized. The cardiac tissue was separated and cardiac hypertrophy was measured through considering heart weight to body weight ratio, left ventricle wall thickness, and cardiomyocytes area. In addition, expression levels of CT1, gp130, JAK2, and STAT3 genes were measured by real-time PCR. Finally, the data were analyzed by the independent t-test. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05.
Findings: The endurance training group had a significant increase in the heart weight to body weight ratio compared with the control group (p≤0.0001). Moreover, analyses performed by staining with Hematoxylin Eosin, shown that the training group had significant increases in the thickness of the left ventricle (p≤0.0001). Yet, measuring expression levels of studied genes revealed that there were no significant differences between the training group and the control group expression levels (CT1: P=0.174, gp130: P=0.054, JAK2: P=0.423, STAT3: P=0.062).
Conclusion: Expression profiling in the training group performed after 8 weeks of training, revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in JAK/STAT pathway genes were not changed significantly. These findings suggest that despite the protective role, the JAK/STAT pathway may not play a crucial role in physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
 

K. Hejazi, S.r. Attarzadeh Hosseini, M. Fathi , M. Mosaferi Ziaaldini,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (10-2019)
Abstract

Aims: Adiponectin is mainly produced by adipose tissue and there is an inverse relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic exercise with moderate and high intensities on serum levels of adiponectin and insulin resistance indexes in obese male rats.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult obese male Wistar rats (weight 250 to 300g, BMI>30g/cm2) are divided into three groups including aerobic exercise with 28m/min (MI= moderate intensity), aerobic exercise with 34m/min (HI= high intensity) and, control group (C= control). All training groups carried out exercise training for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week for 60 min per session). T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to evaluate the differences between intra- and intergroup means, respectively. Tukey test was applied to compare the groups as two by two.
Findings: The levels of adiponectin in MI group (p= 0.04) and HI (p= 0.04) rather than C group were increased. Moreover, there are no differences between eight weeks aerobic exercise with MI and HI groups on adiponectin levels (p= 1.00). The levels of FBS and insulin in MI and HI groups rather than C group were reduced but these changes were not significant (p>0.05). The levels of insulin resistance index in MI group (p= 0.01) and HI (p= 0.01) rather than C group were significantly reduced.
Conclusion: It seems that both of the aerobic exercise intensities have a better effect on the prevention of obesity and cardiovascular disease.

Hamid Arvin, Hassan Rohbanfard, Saeed Arsham, Mehrzad Moghadasi,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract

Introduction:  Free radicals in the body create malondialdehyde (MDA), which is one of the most frequent indicators of oxidative stress. Several studies have reported the increase of MDA in inactive persons and individuals with developmental disorders. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine whether a program of physical activity reduces MDA in children with intellectual disability.
Methods: Twenty boy students with intellectual disability (7 to 9 years old) voluntarily participated in the study. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed a physical curriculum known as sports, play and active recreation for kids (SPARK) for 12 weeks (3 sessions of 45 minutes per week), while the control group was exempted to participate in the program. The level of MDA in blood samples of all participants was measured before and after the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the data (α = 0.05).
Results: Analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between two groups in pretest (P = 0.698, η2 = 0.009).  However, in posttest, the experimental group had significantly lower level of MDA as compared to the control group (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.555).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be argued that the selected SPARK program reduces MDA which may consequently result in less oxidative stress in children with intellectual disability.

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