Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Chondroitinase ABCI is a bacterial lyase that degrades glycosaminoglycans and promotes axonal growth and functional improvement. However the stability and maintenance of this enzyme is very limited. One of the strategies to overcome this limitation is to immobilize the enzyme. In this research, chondroitinase ABCI (cABCI) from Proteus Vulgaris was immobilized on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Hydroxyapatite is a non-toxic ceramic biomaterial that has a high surface area, which is beneficial for loading a large amount of enzyme. Therefore, to increase the stability of chondroitinase ABCI, immobilization on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for 4 hours through physical adsorption in phosphate buffer pH 5, 6.8, and 8 at 4◦C was carried out. Enzyme immobilization on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was then confirmed by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy and UV-spectroscopy, before and after immobilization. Then, in order to obtain the optimal pH and temperature, the activity of the nanosystem was investigated at three pH and temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C). Results revealed higher activity at pH 5 and temperature 4 ◦C than the other pH and temperatures for the nanosystem. Based on the obtained results, which show the stability of the nanosystem at all three temperatures compared to the free enzyme, this nanosystem could be a potential candidate for clinical applications in future.
Sharafaldin Al-Musawi, Hosein Naderi-Manesh, Zuhair Mohammad Hassan, Hamid Yeganeh, Safura Nikzad, Hamidreza Kheiri Manjili,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Objective: In order to improve the water solubility and bioavailability of curcumin in cancer therapy, we prepared and tested a novel waterborne cationic polyurethane (PU) as a nano-carrier for curcumin loading (CU-PU). We studied the effect of this prepared nano-drug on melanoma (F10B16) and fibroblasts cells (L929).
Methods: Morphology, size and cell internalization ability of the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed by zetasizer, SEM, AFM and fluorescent microscopy, respectively. We anticipated that curcumin was loaded in the hydrophobic core of the PU carrier. Next, the suitable dose and therapeutic effects of CU-PU for both skin cancer and normal cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay and real-time PCR.
Results: The average diameters and polydispersity of the nanoparticles were 62.37 ± 1.7 nm and 0.080 ± 2.1 at 25 ̊C, respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 87 ± 0.2%. The morphological analysis confirmed both a spherical shape and good dispersion without remarkable aggregation. The MTT assay results showed that the IC50 at 24 hours was 36.2 µM, whereas it was 25.4 µM at 48 hours. Real-time PCR results indicated that the CU-PU significantly decreased mRNA expressions of VEGF, Bcl-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 genes. An increase in mRNA expression of the BAX gene was also observed.
Conclusion: Our result provided acceptable evidence for cell proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic effect of CU-PU on skin cancer cells. There were no adverse effects detected for normal cells.