Volume 26, Issue 1 (2023)
mjms 2023, 26(1): 7-12 |
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Ahmadirad N. Unraveling the Pathobiology of Epilepsy: Molecular, Cellular, and Genetic Mechanisms Driving the Epileptic Condition. mjms 2023; 26 (1) :7-12
URL: http://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article-30-75876-en.html
URL: http://mjms.modares.ac.ir/article-30-75876-en.html
Cellular and Molecular Research Center , ahmadiyerad@gmail.com
Abstract: (7778 Views)
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which arise from the abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Understanding the complex pathobiology of epilepsy is crucial for developing more effective diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review examines the current understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms underlying the epileptic condition. The key pathological mechanisms discussed include neuronal hyperexcitability, imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, structural and functional changes in the brain, altered ion channel function and ion homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and the influence of genetic factors and epigenetic modifications. Delving into the molecular and cellular underpinnings, the review explores the impact of genetic mutations on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, the dysregulation of gene expression and epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as the role of synaptic plasticity and network reorganization in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The clinical implications of these pathobiological insights are also discussed, highlighting the potential for novel biomarkers, diagnostic approaches, and targeted therapeutic strategies. The review underscores the importance of personalized medicine and precision treatment, as the heterogeneity of epilepsy necessitates tailored management strategies based on individual patient characteristics. Finally, the article explores ongoing research and future directions in the field, including the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the emergence of innovative technologies to better understand and manage this complex neurological disorder.
Article Type: Descriptive & Survey |
Subject:
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Received: 2024/06/30 | Accepted: 2024/07/23
Received: 2024/06/30 | Accepted: 2024/07/23
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